If warts appear near the anus, it means that the human papillomavirus (HPV) is progressing in the body. Dangerous infection, which in the active stage can lead to oncology, death. Diagnosis and treatment should be timely.
What is the human papilloma virus
HPV is a common genital infection that causes warts to appear in intimate areas by actively dividing cells. The viral group of the papillomavirus family includes 5 genera, 27 species, more than 170 strains. HPV is infected in about 60% of the world's population. In most cases, the virus is in a latent form in the body for many years.
Incubation period
Replication lasts for 3 months, when the virus does not manifest in any way. In some cases, the incubation period varies from 16 days to 12 months, depending on the state of immunity. During this period, the infection multiplies, affecting healthy tissues. Immunity in 80-90% of young women eliminates HPV on its own. In the remaining 10-20% the infection worsens, the disease becomes chronic.
Routes of infection
The human papillomavirus infection affects women in the following ways:
- Sexual. The main route of infection, through which the infection enters the body through anal, vaginal contact.
- Contact and household. Use of things, clothes, shoes, household items of a sick person.
- From mother to fetus. HPV is passed on to the baby through the birth canal if the mother is infected.
- Get in touch. Skin contact with an infected person.
Causes of HPV in women
Strong immunity kills the virus in 90% of cases and no treatment is needed. In other patients, it becomes active, recurring. The causes of HPV in women are:
- viral diseases;
- early sexual activity;
- HIV AIDS;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- immunosuppressive therapy;
- unprotected sex;
- long-term medicines;
- childbirth, frequent abortions;
- diabetes;
- drug addiction, alcoholism in women;
- chronic diseases of the urogenital sphere;
- weak immunity after illness.
What is dangerous
Papilloma virus causes malignancies of the cervix, labia, vulva and anus in women. Breast cancer can progress. To rule out uterine dysplasia and the further development of cancer, it is necessary to detect the DNA virus in good time and start treatment. HPV during pregnancy is fraught with fetal infection. If a woman becomes ill while carrying a fetus, complex therapy begins at the age of 7 months, when the baby's organs are fully developed.
Oncogenic types of HPV
The following types of HPV are differentiated according to the degree of cancer risk in women:
- Not an oncogene. HPV types 1, 2, 4, 5. Pathogenic changes in cells are ruled out, cancer does not develop.
- Low oncogene. HPV types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40-44, 51, 61, 72, 73 do not induce oncology with persistent immunity. Under the influence of provocative factors, the development of a malignant tumor is possible.
- Moderately oncogenic. HPV types 52, 53, 56, 58 and 30, 35, 45. Cancer develops due to provocative factors.
- Very oncogenic. HPv types 50, 59, 68, 64, 70 and 16, 18, 31, 33, 39. The likelihood of developing oncology is high.
HPV 16 and 18 types
HPV type 16 is highly oncogenic. The microbes enter the cells of the body, blocking the protection against cancer. Gray spots with a rough surface appear in the genital area of the anus. Over time, warts, papillomas and warts develop. They are located not only on the genitals, but also on the neck, eyelids, thighs and armpits.
HPV type 18 also integrates into cellular DNA, reducing the activity of the immune system, which creates favorable conditions for benign tumors that are prone to malignancy. Cervical cancer can develop. HPV type 18 also causes papillomas, genital warts and warts.
Symptoms of infection
The signs of infection depend on the strains the person is infected with. At first, the HPV carrier does not feel any discomfort. The virus is in a latent (asymptomatic) form. The following signs of HPV appear due to provocative factors:
- pain in the external genitals;
- burning sensation, vaginal discharge;
- cutaneous neoplasms;
- pain during intercourse.
Papillomas and warts
Skin growth is the first sign of HPV. Genital warts occur when infected with 6, 11 types of viruses. The growths are flesh-colored, externally reminiscent of cauliflower. Such neoplasms are often predisposed to malignancies, localized in the anus, external genitalia, rarely near the oral cavity. The rash is multiple and can converge into large foci. The main danger is the risk of injury from such accumulation on a thin leg.
Papillomas are caused by HPV type 1, 2, 3, 4, 10 activity. Locates on lips, eyelids, chest, neck, armpits and mouth. The dense growths on the legs have different colors (pink, brown, light). In women, vestibular papillomatosis may worsen. The disease cannot be cured. With strong immunity, such growths disappear without treatment, and the risk of malignancy is minimal.
Warts
For women, the following types of warts are distinguished by shape:
- Ordinary (vulgar). Localized on the face, head, fingers, hands. Plantar warts caused by HPV types 1 and 2 appear on the soles of the feet.
- Filamentous. The nodules on the leg are in the groin, under the armpits and mammary glands, on the genitals.
- Apartment (youthful). Localized in the armpits, neck, arms, face and chest. They appear in adolescence, disappear on their own when they grow up. Causes type 3, 5 virus.
Diagnostics
To speed up the recovery of girls and women, you need to check and correctly identify the type of virus. In case of dangerous conditions, the woman is registered with the Department of Venereal Diseases. Diagnosis is complex, includes the following methods:
- Instrumental examination by a gynecologist. The doctor detects skin neoplasms, determines their size and location.
- Colposcopy. The colposcope is used to examine the vagina, cervix and vulva. Use Lugol's solution, acetic acid, for the accuracy of the study.
- Biopsy. Scraping of biomaterial from the cervix is performed to confirm or rule out oncology.
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Detects the presence of human papillomavirus DNA.
- ELISA (enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay). This is done to detect specific antibodies in the blood in response to the virus.
PAP test
This method is used in gynecology. Scratches are performed on the cervix to detect changes in the epithelium of the cancer. The material is taken from the cervical canal, the lining of the inside of the cervix and the vaginal fornix. It is stained, dried and then examined under a microscope. The purpose of the test is to identify atypical and cancerous cells.
The steps for evaluating the results are as follows:
- lack of microbial flora;
- initial stage of atypical cells;
- abnormal nuclear structure;
- cells with an irregular nucleus, cytoplasm, chromosomes;
- high concentration of malignant cells.
PCR diagnostics
Vaginal scratching is performed to identify the regions of DNA characteristic of the papillomavirus. With a positive result, the concentration of antigen per 100 cells is as follows:
- Lg to 3 - HPV levels are low.
- Lg 3-5 is a large amount of papillomavirus.
- Lg from 5 - high HPV concentration.
Digene tests
This is a hybrid capture method that identifies regions of the papillomavirus DNA. The screening test is characterized by high sensitivity (more than 96%), reveals early HPV and a trend towards oncology. The Digene test determines the concentration of the virus, often in conjunction with a cytological examination. The Digene test requires no preparation and is used worldwide for fast results.
Treatment of papillomavirus in women
Complex HPV therapy includes the following areas:
- excision of growths on the skin;
- use of antiviral drugs;
- immunostimulatory course of treatment.
Depending on their location on the body, genital warts and papillomas are vulnerable. In addition, neoplasms can grow. Such formations are best removed by surgery. Otherwise, there is an increased risk that the skin lesions will soon become cancerous.
Drugs
The use of drugs is necessary to reduce the activity of the virus, strengthen the immune system. The diagnosis is treatable. List of medicines for complex treatment of HPV:
- Local cauterizers. These are gels, ointments, solutions with organic acids, antiviral components. This way you can remove small growths on the skin, stop their growth.
- Antiviral agent. The medicine contains an antiviral component, and when it enters the body, it produces antibodies against the infection.
- Immunomodulators. They inhibit the growth of papillomavirus, stop the growth of skin growths, increase resistance to pathogenic flora, strengthen the immune system.
Surgical
To stop the growth of neoplasms on the skin with a viral disease, one of the following surgical methods is performed:
- Laser therapy. Laser cauterization of growths. The method is allowed during pregnancy, it is characterized by good tolerance, rapid rehabilitation.
- Cryodestruction. The warts are frozen in liquid nitrogen, then they disappear painlessly. No scars remain on the body after the procedure.
- Diathermocoagulation. The growths on the skin are removed with an electric scalpel, an electric current. After the procedure, scars and scars remain on the body.
- Radio wave processing. The method is painless, removes medium-sized growths, leaves no scars, and has minimal medical contraindications.
- Surgical method. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia after a preliminary examination. Indications - extensive soft tissue lesions, suspected oncology. The disadvantage is scarring.
Folk remedies
Alternative medicine is used to remove the manifestations of the papilloma virus in a comprehensive treatment regimen. It is not possible to cure HPV from the inside in this way, but it is really possible to remove the growths on the skin without any consequences. To remove genital warts, warts and papillomas, use the following health recipes:
- Remove the fresh celandine stem, rinse, rub the growth on the skin. Perform the procedure once a day until the wart dries and falls off on its own.
- Lubricate the warts with castor oil 3-4 times a day. Perform the procedure until the buildup disappears.
- Squeeze the garlic juice, lubricate the pathology. Perform the procedure 2-3 times a day. Over time, the wart will disappear.
- Rowanberry cut in half. Apply to the warts, secure with plaster. Perform the procedure before going to bed, the positive dynamics is noticeable after 8 days. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.
- Combine lemon juice, apple cider vinegar and hydrogen peroxide in equal proportions. Stir, apply to external growths 2-3 times a day until they fall off.
In order to quickly destroy the virus and strengthen the immune system, the complex treatment regimen may include medicinal decoctions and infusions instead of tea. Folk remedies with immunostimulatory properties include:
- Conifer infusion. Pour 1 tbsp. k. l. chopped needles needles 1 cup boiling water. Boil on medium heat for a quarter of an hour. Cool, strain, take the broth before eating (honey can be added).
- Sugar onions. Boil in boiling water for 10 minutes. onion peel in a ratio of 1: 10. Insist in broth, strain. Take 1 teaspoon orally. 5-6 times a day before meals (honey can be added).
Prevention
It is difficult to choose the right medication and destroy the papilloma virus forever. In addition, antiviral therapy has several side effects. You need to take preventive measures in good time. The medical recommendations are as follows:
- Follow personal hygiene rules.
- Get tested for HPV twice a year.
- Prevent sloppy sex.
- Use barrier contraception.
- Strengthen the immune system (especially during the seasonal vitamin deficiency).
- Monitor your medication intake.
- Run an active lifestyle, play sports.
Prevention of HPV in women includes vaccination. Inpatient vaccination can only protect against 4 types of papillomavirus - 16 and 18, 6 and 11.